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Tim Lumas: Good morning, everyone. My name is Tim Lumas and

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I am an adjunct professor at Moorpark community

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College and I'm also the Basic Needs Specialist

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for Raider Central. We're going to give everybody

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about a minute to get in and then we're going to

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start our Black History Month Kick Off today.

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<i>Jazz music, drums, piano, saxophone, guitar, Welcome to The Saint James Club by The Rippingtons</i>

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Good morning, everyone. My name is Tim Lumas and

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I will be your host today for the Black History

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Month Kickoff. I'd like to get a couple of things

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cleared up. Number one, our Zoom manager is Michael

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Ashton. As you can see from the screen, our

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schedule today, we'll have a welcome by Dr.

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Sokenu and Dr. Gebru. We'll also have a video

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presentation by Dina Pielaet with some of our students

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and faculty. And then Professor Ranford Hopkins

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will do a presentation on the history of Black

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History Month. We'll also announce that we have

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a special guest coming to Moorpark College on

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February 26. And at the end of this, we will have

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some closing remarks by myself, Professor

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Hopkins, and any questions or answer you may have.

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At this time I'd like to introduce the Interim

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President of our college, Dr. Julius Sokenu. Thank

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you, Julius.

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Dr. Julius Sokenu: Hi, everyone. Thank you so much for

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joining us this morning to celebrate Black History

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Month. It is a, it's an honor and a pleasure to be

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here today to confirm for all of us not only why

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it is that we celebrate Black History Month, but

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that Black History Month should be every day. I

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mean, that's, the new message that we should

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send out, is that all our histories, all our

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experiences matter and that we need to value the

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contribution of people of African descent in this

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country every single day, not just in the

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month of February. Why is that important to us?

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Well, for many of us who are in this

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webinar and in this celebration and we'll go

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through the celebration this month, we know

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there's a wealth of of history and a wealth of

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contributions and music, and entertainment, and

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in sports, and in science, and in business, and in

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all walks of life. And that those individuals,

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those individual stories are yet to be told. And

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so Black History Month is a way in which we remind

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ourselves and we bring out more stories, to share

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more stories to affirm, to build into the

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structure that we call our education system, and the

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structure that we call a social narrative of who

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we are and what it means to be America. I

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appreciate the opportunity to be here with you

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today, but I value the work that everyone of this

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Black History Month Committee has put together.

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You have a dynamic, inspiring, you have a really

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thought provoking program scheduled a program for

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this month of February. And it is in deep

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gratitude to the Black History Month Committee and

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particularly to our students and their advisors

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who put this program together. Black History Month

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is celebrated in Moorpark College as a way for us

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to not only acknowledge the contributions of our

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African and African-American brothers and sisters,

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but it is a way for us to make sure that we keep

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telling the stories of what our present brothers

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and sisters, what our present community does to

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keep this country, to keep this state, to keep this

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county vibrant and relevant. I thank you so much

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and appreciate the work that you all do. And I

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wish you a very, very happy Black History Month.

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Tim: Thank you very much, Dr. Sokenu. I'd also

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like to give a shout out to Banea Sumpter for taking the

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lead on the Black History Month celebration. She

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did a fantastic job. And without her and Michael

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Ashton this event could not have taken form. Dr.

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Gebru? Could you give us a welcome, please?

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Dr. Amanuel Gebru: Thank you, Tim Lumas, for including me. And also

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thank you, Julius, Dr. Sokenu, for the warm

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welcome. Just excited to be a part, excited

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that our campus community and our college is

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putting on Black History Month. There's so much to

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recognize. There's so much technology in terms of

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history that our students can learn from our

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community. So just excited to be a part of this.

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But my role today is I really just want to thank

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the people that really make this happen, because

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without the staff, without the committee, without

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the faculty involved to celebrate the importance

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of Black History Month it's critical and I just

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want to take the time to say thank you to a few

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people who are really making this happen for our

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college and our community. So starting off with

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Banea Sumpter, who is one of our lead people

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really helping, coordinating and planning all

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these efforts. Tim Lumas, as you can see, who is

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emceeing this event and helping put this event

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together. Gerald Richardson and one of our

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students, Ka Ren Mac Calla also, Analisa Jugan, Ranford

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Hopkins. Professor Ranford Hopkins, who

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teaches History. Dina Pielaet, who helps with our

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marketing efforts. Micaiah Satterwhite. Trinity

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Hooper. Tamarra Coleman our English faculty. Cynthia

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Barnett, our Sociology faculty. Lauren Snowden,

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another one of our faculty members, and Pauline

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Nassar. And I'm sure there's other folks that it

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may not have listed, but just our huge gratitude

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from our executive team and everyone in our

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community for you putting on a wonderful agenda

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for our faculty, our staff, and our students to

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benefit from this week. And also, I know there's a

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special announcement that Tim and other folks will

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let us know about towards the end of this,

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presentation that I'm also excited about to bring

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to our campus and to bring a scholar who will

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really bring attention to the importance of Black

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History Month, but also to the importance of

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social justice and equity that we truly believe in.

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So, once again, thank you so much for all that you

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do and keep fighting the fight in regards to

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equity and social justice. And we are here to

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support you and also celebrate this month with you.

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Tim: Dr. Gebru, thank you very much for your warm

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welcome. We'd like to start off this with a video

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presentation done by Dina Pielaet, and it's a

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presentation where she interviewed faculty, staff,

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and our students about the significance of Black

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History Month and a tribute to Black history.

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Analisa Jugan: I think we can all agree that just as people and

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as a campus, as a nation, we have a lot of work to

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do when it comes to plenty of social issues. And I

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think Black History Month is a great opportunity

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to reflect on that and the initiatives that we

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want to have to cultivate a society, especially

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here at Moorpark College.

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Ka Ren Mac Calla: I think it's important

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for everyone to be educated about history in

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general and Black history, more importantly,

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because it's a topic that can sometimes be

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considered taboo. There's not a light shined on it

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directly.

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Trinity Hooper: Black history is about owning up to who

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you are. It's about expressing yourself in the

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most creative way to being positively you.

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Tamarra Coleman: I think learning about Black history and learning

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about Black people and culture is critical. I

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think it's important. And I also think it's

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important to learn about all of the different

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people that are here on our campus, in our

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community, in our country, in the world. Right? I

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think the more we learn about who we are, where

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we've come from, I think what we will learn is

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that we are one in many ways, right?

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Dr. Sokenu: In our men and

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women of color, the more we're able to support our

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students and our colleagues in their striving for

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success, the more we're able to bring the vision

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and the dreams, and even in some instances dreams

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that they could not have imagined the more we're able

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to make that real. And that, to me, I think, is

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the, the message that we carry as we celebrate

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Black History Month.

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The moral obligation that we have as we live

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in the world to do every day, not just in February,

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but every single day, that we are living Black

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History Month and that we are helping others up

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and helping others out, and that we are calling out

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when it needs to, but we're also calling in when it is

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necessary.

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Tamarra: I mean, it's laughable that we take a

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history class at any level K through 12 or even in

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higher ed here in the U.S., and there's a section

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in the American history book on black history, as

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if those people just popped up out of nowhere and

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then disappeared, and then we moved on to the next

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chapter, as if there's not an integrated history

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with the slave master and the slave, or whoever or

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whatever point in history we were in. It's really

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silly, actually. Right? So until we get to that

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point where it's integrated in the culture and if

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we're talking about the antebellum South that

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we're talking about those really clear,

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problematic relationships between Black and White

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people that existed on a daily basis in every

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aspect of society. So Black History Month is

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important because we don't even fully know one

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side of that history yet, right?

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Ka Ren: In high school,

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when you're taught about in history classes, you

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only get a few pages of it and you don't even get

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the entire story of what happens. You know, you're

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not really educated on what's going on. So not

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being educated on certain topics might cause a

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certain individual to just say things that they

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don't mean.

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Trinity: Diversity and our actual

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accomplishments that we've done in the past, and

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even as of now, I think it's important that they

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update our textbooks and actually showcase what we

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really are about besides slavery. You know.

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Analisa: I

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remember in my eighth grade class for U.S. History

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seeing that the Black experience was limited to

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two pages and these two textbook pages only

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discussed slavery. And I was confounded, you know,

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by the fact that when you really reflect on

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history, we have been doctors, we have been

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engineers, teachers, you know, just looking at

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this past month, you know, we can be the Vice

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President, we can be presidents and we can be the

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youngest inaugural poet. I think Black History

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Month is an amazing opportunity to reflect not

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only on, you know, the fact that we do have a

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painful history, but that we can learn from. But

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all of the potential that we have.

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Dr. Sokenu: Those

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individuals who struggled, set the ground for our

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successes today, and it's incumbent upon us

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to now do the same for those who will come after

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us. And that's why I do think that, you know, the

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work that we do at the college to make sure that

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we have diverse faculty, and staff, and

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administrators available to our students and the

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students see the individuals who are like them, and

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they are able to connect with those individuals,

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but at the same time that we work with allies

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from other communities so that they are better

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able to do the work of supporting us, you know, in

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our journeys They're able to understand and value

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our experiences, so that those experiences are

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integrated into the instruction, into the

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curriculum, and integrated into the ways in which

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people deliver information and deliver knowledge,

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and share knowledge.

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Tamarra: Normally I teach primarily

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writers of color, or women, or folks who identify as

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LGBT, QI,

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And we were reading Fences set in the 1950s about

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a Black family. Main character was a really good

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baseball player, but was not able to be a part of

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the major leagues because of segregation, right?

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So before we got into the text, I said to my class,

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here at Moorpark, "Tell me what's going on in the

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1950s. Give me just a background of the history

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generally what's happening in the 1950s in America."

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And inevitably every semester the students would

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say to me, so they knew there is a racial issue

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they just didn't know what they would say, "Slavery."

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And I would say to myself, "The 1950s?" but

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it was clear to me that there was a disconnect in

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knowledge base that the students had coming out of

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our feeder schools in our district, and I suspect

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it's probably true outside of this area as well

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about the history, just American history in

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general, but in particular about Black people.

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What they knew about Black people was slavery.

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That's it. They were slaves at some point. We

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don't know the details, what that meant, but we

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know the bad thing that happened to Black people,

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right, was slavery. And I just thought we've got a

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lot of work to do.

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Ka Ren: I don't know. Growing up in

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L.A., I never looked at anyone with race or with

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color. I was just kind of like, "Oh, there's the

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person." And then moving out of that and seeing

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other people who just made the distinction between

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me and their friends kind of making me feel like,

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"Oh, I'm noticing my color," when I just think that it's

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not all about color and race.

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Trinity: When it comes to

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family, usually people think it's only skin deep,

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but it's about relating on a different type of

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level, making lifelong friendships, having a safe

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space that you probably wouldn't get if you're

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just alone or by yourself.

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Dr. Sokenu: Our work is that we're

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moving towards justice. Our work is that we're

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moving towards equity. Our work and our lives, I

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would say is that we're moving towards celebrating

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and investing in one another's humanity.

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Tamarra: The

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moments in which I feel most useful on the planet

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is really that moment, whether it's in the

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classroom or it's in the community, organizing

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people, women, folks of color around issues, when

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I see that my voice, my willingness to be

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vulnerable and share my story actually impacts

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other people.

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Analisa: My ideal is that we have Black

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history awareness. And, you know, ideally we

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wouldn't have particular months where, you know,

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we've had to shine a light. At the end of the day,

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I think we all want a time where we feel all of

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our history is shared and we reflect on all of

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that history.

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Dr. Sokenu: I hope that in my own work and in

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the work that we do at this college, we model for

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our students, all students, but in particular for

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our students who are from minority communities,

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that their voice matters, that we model for them,

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00:16:32,040 --> 00:16:35,190
that the potential within them is infinite.

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Trinity: Two years ago, when I didn't feel comfortable in

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00:16:38,430 --> 00:16:41,780
my own skin or people made me feel as if I wasn't

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00:16:41,790 --> 00:16:45,120
good enough, but you have to step out of your shell

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and just showcase who you really are.

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Ka Ren: No matter

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00:16:48,030 --> 00:16:50,910
what anyone else tells you, as long as you put

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00:16:50,910 --> 00:16:53,760
your mind to it, you can do it, you can

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00:16:53,760 --> 00:16:56,970
carry it out, you can succeed and you can go

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beyond what anyone is telling you that

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00:17:00,090 --> 00:17:02,370
you can do. There is no limitation except the

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limitations that you put on yourself and the

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situation that you are in now, whether you can

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control it or you can't control it and it's

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out of reach, this is not forever, this is just

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a temporary moment, and in due time, you will be

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able to make that the steps that you need to take

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00:17:19,680 --> 00:17:20,440
to where you want.

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Dr. Sokenu: This is particularly important

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to our young people and it's particularly important to our

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students because you will get voices and messages

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that might say you're less than and some of those

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voices might come from within yourself and they

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might come from outside. What is so important is

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to have that grounding, that belief and that

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understanding of the history and of the

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accomplishments, so that the negativity, so that

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the doubt...

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is wiped away. We will have those moments of

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doubt, but that those moments of doubt are erased

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because we know...

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that we are worthy. Because we know that we make and have

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made this civilization what it is.

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Ka Ren: Making a change

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starts with you.

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00:18:17,235 --> 00:18:21,320
Trinity: Owning up to who you are and owning

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just everything about yourself, and what you can

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00:18:25,280 --> 00:18:28,440
put into the world is important.

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Analisa: The beauty, the pain,

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00:18:30,680 --> 00:18:34,730
the suffering. We can reflect on who we want to

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become and not just as the Black community, but as

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our whole entire community.

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00:18:41,075 --> 00:18:42,860
Tamarra: We all are sort of

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looking for the same things in terms of our lives,

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00:18:48,350 --> 00:18:53,240
our purpose, our meaning, our gifts, being valued

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00:18:53,780 --> 00:18:57,170
for whatever they are, right? So in many ways, I

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00:18:57,170 --> 00:19:01,610
think diversity is, it is, right? It's not, "Do

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00:19:01,610 --> 00:19:04,880
we like it or not?" It is... diversity is. The question

348
00:19:04,880 --> 00:19:07,670
is, are we going to value that, right, in one

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00:19:07,670 --> 00:19:09,560
another and help build upon that?

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00:19:10,901 --> 00:19:12,860
Dr. Sokenu: I ask you to

351
00:19:12,860 --> 00:19:18,500
live Black History Month every day. Let Black

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History Month be the lens through which you live

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your life.

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On screen text: "Darkness cannot drive out darkness; only light can do that. Hate cannot drive out hate; only love can do that." By Martin Luther King Jr.

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On screen text: Black History Month Committee: Banea Sumpter, Timothy Lumas, Gerald Richardson the Third, Ka Ren Mac Calla, Analisa Jugan, Ranford Hopkins, Dina Pielaet, Micaiah Satterwhite, Trinity Hooper, Tamarra Coleman, Cynthia Barnett, Lauren Snowden, Pauline Nassar. Special thanks to Dr. Sokenu, Members of the Black Student Union.

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00:19:39,960 --> 00:19:41,500
On screen text: Moorpark College Presents A Tribute to Black History

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00:19:42,240 --> 00:19:45,620
Tim: Thank you very much Dina that was wonderful.

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00:19:46,500 --> 00:19:50,310
At this point, I'd like to introduce the feature

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00:19:50,310 --> 00:19:53,820
presentation, the future keynote speaker

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00:19:53,820 --> 00:19:56,520
today, and that is Professor Ranford

361
00:19:56,520 --> 00:19:59,310
Hopkins, who will be talking to us about Why Black

362
00:19:59,310 --> 00:20:01,200
History Month, Professor Hopkins?

363
00:20:05,160 --> 00:20:05,790
You're muted.

364
00:20:08,080 --> 00:20:08,650
You're muted.

365
00:20:14,890 --> 00:20:18,190
Ranford Hopkins: You think I'd know by now, right? Before I go any

366
00:20:18,190 --> 00:20:20,620
further, I've got to say that was an exceptional

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00:20:20,620 --> 00:20:23,620
tribute to to black history and to Black History

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Month. Hats off to all the contributors. The

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truth, the passion you shared, you so inspiring. I

370
00:20:31,840 --> 00:20:36,820
appreciate that. Tim, I'm sure, you know, when

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00:20:36,820 --> 00:20:42,190
you described me as emeritus, you mean that I'm old

372
00:20:42,190 --> 00:20:46,900
and retired. To all attendees thanks for your time

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00:20:46,900 --> 00:20:49,390
and joining the webinar. Thanks to the Black

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00:20:49,390 --> 00:20:53,290
Student Union and other entities for the invite.

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00:20:53,920 --> 00:20:58,450
This talk on Black History Month, or as I like to

376
00:20:58,450 --> 00:21:01,390
say, Black History Month and historical context

377
00:21:01,660 --> 00:21:05,620
has three parts. Part one, I'd like to look at the

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00:21:05,620 --> 00:21:10,190
pejorative perspective of black history on Black

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00:21:10,190 --> 00:21:15,050
people before Carter G. Woodson. Carter G. Woodson

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00:21:15,050 --> 00:21:17,390
is considered the father of Black History Month.

381
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Secondly, Carter G. Woodson's efforts to change

382
00:21:23,920 --> 00:21:27,190
the pejorative view of Black people and their

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00:21:27,190 --> 00:21:30,490
history, and then finally, just a quick case study

384
00:21:30,790 --> 00:21:33,820
of the radical origins of Black History Month.

385
00:21:35,270 --> 00:21:36,720
Next slide, please?

386
00:21:39,760 --> 00:21:42,640
I like to start my history classes with this

387
00:21:42,640 --> 00:21:46,930
concept, "In history, there is no beginning, only

388
00:21:46,930 --> 00:21:52,280
the event that preceded in question." If we can

389
00:21:52,280 --> 00:21:55,580
say that you can't understand the present without

390
00:21:55,580 --> 00:21:59,570
the past, then, for example, if we were to start

391
00:21:59,570 --> 00:22:03,230
next slide, please? If we were to start with the

392
00:22:03,230 --> 00:22:05,120
movement for civil rights, it's difficult to

393
00:22:05,120 --> 00:22:07,340
understand the Civil Rights Movement without

394
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understanding the Jim Crow Era. It's difficult to

395
00:22:10,460 --> 00:22:12,860
understand the Jim Crow Era without understanding

396
00:22:12,860 --> 00:22:16,340
why there was reconstruction. Why was there a

397
00:22:16,340 --> 00:22:17,150
civil war?

398
00:22:19,160 --> 00:22:23,840
What about antebellum slavery? And then finally,

399
00:22:23,840 --> 00:22:27,230
William Tucker. We'll get to know William Tucker

400
00:22:27,230 --> 00:22:29,750
in just a moment. And of course, if we were to

401
00:22:29,750 --> 00:22:32,900
continue backwards and looking backwards in

402
00:22:32,900 --> 00:22:36,830
history, eventually we'd wind up and Olduvai Gorge

403
00:22:36,830 --> 00:22:40,280
in Tanzania with the beginning of Homo Sapiens.

404
00:22:41,840 --> 00:22:45,560
Next slide? But we don't want to do that, right?

405
00:22:45,870 --> 00:22:48,840
So let's start with this gentleman. His name is

406
00:22:48,840 --> 00:22:53,780
Urlich B. Phillips, professor of History, out of

407
00:22:53,780 --> 00:22:57,650
the University of Michigan. In the, at the turn of

408
00:22:57,650 --> 00:23:01,460
the century and through the early 30s and 40s, he

409
00:23:01,460 --> 00:23:05,900
wrote a very impactful work that was called

410
00:23:05,900 --> 00:23:11,390
American Negro Slavery. To his credit, Phillips

411
00:23:11,750 --> 00:23:14,750
did, in fact, write a history about Black people.

412
00:23:15,350 --> 00:23:19,670
To his discredit, he offered a very pejorative

413
00:23:19,670 --> 00:23:23,530
view of African-American people, especially slaves.

414
00:23:23,540 --> 00:23:28,010
in general. Next slide, please?

415
00:23:30,460 --> 00:23:34,690
So Philips' thesis was that slavery benefited the

416
00:23:34,690 --> 00:23:39,790
Negro. As far as he was concerned slaves were

417
00:23:39,790 --> 00:23:43,870
innately docile, submissive, ignorant and

418
00:23:43,870 --> 00:23:49,910
unstable. He believed that Black people were

419
00:23:49,910 --> 00:23:53,480
predisposed to be slaves, that in order for Blacks

420
00:23:53,480 --> 00:23:56,000
to be successful in America, they needed to be

421
00:23:56,000 --> 00:23:59,750
slaves, to be acculturated to the culture. And

422
00:23:59,750 --> 00:24:01,850
finally, he believed that Black people needed

423
00:24:01,850 --> 00:24:05,540
protection because they could not compete in a

424
00:24:05,570 --> 00:24:08,390
competitive world. Next slide?

425
00:24:14,970 --> 00:24:15,990
Major themes.

426
00:24:19,600 --> 00:24:23,990
Of course...we would ask Phillips, "Did you consider

427
00:24:24,320 --> 00:24:29,020
the forces that were oppressing Blacks?" Lack of

428
00:24:29,020 --> 00:24:32,950
meaningful economic opportunity, voting rights

429
00:24:32,950 --> 00:24:35,980
circumvented in the North and non-existent in the

430
00:24:35,980 --> 00:24:40,360
South. Victims of violence or threat of violence

431
00:24:40,750 --> 00:24:46,390
within which seldom legal recourse. Most lacked

432
00:24:46,390 --> 00:24:51,430
quality educational opportunities. And I want to

433
00:24:51,430 --> 00:24:53,710
concentrate just a moment on this last one,

434
00:24:53,830 --> 00:25:00,250
victimized by demeaning stereotypes. So for the next, I have

435
00:25:00,250 --> 00:25:02,860
three slides I'd like you to see and I'd like you

436
00:25:02,860 --> 00:25:05,890
to think and reflect upon each one. Next slide?

437
00:25:08,120 --> 00:25:13,160
In the vein of stereotypes. This one is entitled

438
00:25:14,030 --> 00:25:15,170
How Ink Is Made.

439
00:25:18,110 --> 00:25:22,040
This is a postcard. Postcards like these were

440
00:25:22,040 --> 00:25:25,520
thousands and can spread throughout the country

441
00:25:25,520 --> 00:25:26,560
year after year.

442
00:25:29,800 --> 00:25:30,460
Next slide?

443
00:25:35,950 --> 00:25:40,810
This placard it's called Not Particular. If you

444
00:25:40,820 --> 00:25:43,550
aren't able to read it because the print is so

445
00:25:43,550 --> 00:25:47,780
small, allow me. "I know you're not particular to a

446
00:25:47,780 --> 00:25:51,590
fault, though I'm not sure you'll never be sued

447
00:25:51,590 --> 00:25:54,830
for assault. You're so fond of women that even a

448
00:25:54,830 --> 00:25:59,570
wench attracts your gross fancy despite her stench."

449
00:26:03,840 --> 00:26:05,910
Finally, the next slide?

450
00:26:10,670 --> 00:26:14,730
From this world renowned novelist...and major

451
00:26:14,730 --> 00:26:18,400
contributor to short stories is Agatha Christie.

452
00:26:19,170 --> 00:26:24,870
She wrote a book called Ten Little n-words, and

453
00:26:24,870 --> 00:26:26,860
she wrote another one called Ten Little Indians.

454
00:26:26,880 --> 00:26:31,530
Unfortunately, the story ends with all ten of these

455
00:26:31,530 --> 00:26:33,880
people being killed.

456
00:26:36,200 --> 00:26:36,910
Next slide?

457
00:26:38,980 --> 00:26:43,060
Now in building this look at stereotypes, I want

458
00:26:43,060 --> 00:26:45,560
you to imagine if you're a little Black boy,

459
00:26:46,240 --> 00:26:49,540
scratch that a little White boy or little White

460
00:26:49,540 --> 00:26:52,630
girl growing up anywhere in the country, but let's

461
00:26:52,630 --> 00:26:55,900
say the Midwest and you've never seen or don't

462
00:26:55,900 --> 00:26:58,060
know Black people, and if you're constantly

463
00:26:58,060 --> 00:27:02,020
visited with these kinds of images, the ones we've

464
00:27:02,020 --> 00:27:04,150
just seen and what you're going to see, and what

465
00:27:04,150 --> 00:27:06,040
we'll talk about here in a minute in Birth of A

466
00:27:06,040 --> 00:27:09,010
Nation, you can imagine how that might impact your

467
00:27:09,010 --> 00:27:12,460
view of the whole population of people. So The

468
00:27:12,460 --> 00:27:14,740
Birth of A Nation is the granddaddy of all

469
00:27:14,740 --> 00:27:18,040
stereotypes about Black people. First of all, the

470
00:27:18,040 --> 00:27:21,400
film is largely based on the lost cause ideology

471
00:27:21,400 --> 00:27:24,100
of the South. For those of you who don't know,

472
00:27:24,100 --> 00:27:27,850
with a lost cause of the ideology of the South was

473
00:27:28,780 --> 00:27:31,120
one perspective is to look at it is that the

474
00:27:31,120 --> 00:27:34,690
Confederacy was just and the Confederacy was

475
00:27:34,690 --> 00:27:37,870
heroic. The things they stood for, states rights,

476
00:27:38,740 --> 00:27:44,470
Blacks as subservient was one. Secondly, the film

477
00:27:44,800 --> 00:27:49,540
and the whole notion of this lost cause ideology

478
00:27:49,960 --> 00:27:54,430
is the notion that freedom, equality would ruin

479
00:27:54,430 --> 00:27:57,280
Black people. Black people need to be subjugated

480
00:27:57,280 --> 00:27:58,150
and taken care of.

481
00:28:00,390 --> 00:28:04,740
Also, this freedom and equal opportunity will ruin

482
00:28:04,740 --> 00:28:07,530
the nation. The nation will spend too much time

483
00:28:07,530 --> 00:28:11,160
and energy trying to help Black people. And

484
00:28:11,160 --> 00:28:15,960
finally, one of the most coveted pieces in white

485
00:28:15,960 --> 00:28:21,060
supremacy is protection of white womanhood. So The

486
00:28:21,270 --> 00:28:25,170
Birth of A Nation film repeatedly makes clear

487
00:28:25,680 --> 00:28:28,860
that black equality would undermine the security

488
00:28:28,860 --> 00:28:34,290
of White women. Black men should not touch, speak, or

489
00:28:34,290 --> 00:28:38,160
provide even the slightest suggestion of sexual

490
00:28:38,160 --> 00:28:43,230
interest in White women. Many of you may remember

491
00:28:43,380 --> 00:28:47,100
the case of Emmett Till back in 1955.

492
00:28:47,100 --> 00:28:51,660
This is a perfect example of recent times,

493
00:28:51,660 --> 00:28:53,910
and there have been I mean, the history is replete

494
00:28:53,910 --> 00:28:57,270
with this kind of activity, but Emmett Till was a

495
00:28:57,270 --> 00:29:01,070
14 year old boy from Chicago who had come to Money,

496
00:29:01,080 --> 00:29:04,890
Mississippi. He met his two cousins. They go into

497
00:29:04,890 --> 00:29:08,250
a little country store. And one of the things

498
00:29:08,250 --> 00:29:12,180
that Emmett had told his friends is that I have a

499
00:29:12,180 --> 00:29:15,750
girlfriend in Chicago who is white and they

500
00:29:15,750 --> 00:29:18,810
couldn't believe it. So then they dared him to go

501
00:29:18,810 --> 00:29:21,990
into that store and just say something to that

502
00:29:21,990 --> 00:29:24,720
White woman. Well they got their candy and were on

503
00:29:24,720 --> 00:29:29,220
the way out and and Emmett turned 14 year old boy,

504
00:29:29,220 --> 00:29:32,440
turned to this grown woman and said, "Bye, baby."

505
00:29:33,690 --> 00:29:37,290
Well, next, we find that Emmett Till was shot in

506
00:29:37,290 --> 00:29:41,520
the head, body, mutilated and tied to a cotton gin

507
00:29:41,520 --> 00:29:45,060
fan. So these are the kind of activities that can

508
00:29:45,060 --> 00:29:49,320
occur with this concept of the lost cause of the

509
00:29:49,320 --> 00:29:51,720
Confederacy. And we're beginning to see some

510
00:29:51,720 --> 00:29:54,510
activity like that. We've seen activity like that

511
00:29:54,510 --> 00:29:56,940
throughout history, and it seems to be escalating

512
00:29:57,330 --> 00:30:00,660
here in the last, shall I say, eight years. Next

513
00:30:00,660 --> 00:30:01,310
slide, please?

514
00:30:06,200 --> 00:30:11,480
Here is just a picture of Lillian Gish. She is the

515
00:30:11,480 --> 00:30:16,280
kind of person that, if this lost cause, is trying

516
00:30:16,280 --> 00:30:19,340
to protect and to generate the most emotional

517
00:30:19,340 --> 00:30:20,810
feeling. Next slide?

518
00:30:24,340 --> 00:30:29,950
Now, contrary to the thinking of the lost cause

519
00:30:30,520 --> 00:30:35,230
and to the thinking of Professor Phillips is

520
00:30:35,230 --> 00:30:38,920
Carter G. Woodson. Carter G. Woodson, an American

521
00:30:38,920 --> 00:30:43,780
historian, journalist, author, founder of Negro

522
00:30:43,780 --> 00:30:47,680
History Week. He becomes the precursor for Black

523
00:30:47,680 --> 00:30:53,290
History Month. To my mind mindset, Woodson set the

524
00:30:53,290 --> 00:30:56,170
platform for the beginning of African-American

525
00:30:56,170 --> 00:30:59,110
studies in this country in a serious way. Little

526
00:30:59,110 --> 00:31:03,010
wonder he is called the father of African-American

527
00:31:03,010 --> 00:31:03,460
history.

528
00:31:05,710 --> 00:31:06,340
Next slide?

529
00:31:08,580 --> 00:31:14,220
So Woodson had a dream, he had goals, and his

530
00:31:14,220 --> 00:31:17,010
goal was through the study of African American

531
00:31:17,010 --> 00:31:19,950
history, not too dissimilar for many of the things

532
00:31:19,950 --> 00:31:21,960
that were shared in the tributes. The tributes

533
00:31:21,960 --> 00:31:27,000
nailed that was shown earlier. The

534
00:31:27,000 --> 00:31:31,940
tributes nailed many of the goals that Carter G.

535
00:31:31,950 --> 00:31:35,670
Woodson hope to accomplish. To create racial

536
00:31:35,670 --> 00:31:40,260
harmony, to reduce prominence of racial

537
00:31:40,260 --> 00:31:44,400
stereotypes, and to inspire African-American youth

538
00:31:44,400 --> 00:31:48,210
to achieve. He believe that if Black kids knew

539
00:31:48,450 --> 00:31:51,930
what their ancestors had done, they would feel

540
00:31:51,930 --> 00:31:55,290
pride and a sense of accomplishment and

541
00:31:55,290 --> 00:31:59,160
achievement for their own future. Okay, next slide,

542
00:31:59,160 --> 00:31:59,550
please?

543
00:32:05,610 --> 00:32:06,590
Next slide, please?

544
00:32:11,740 --> 00:32:16,270
Woodson's view. I'm sorry, can we go back? No,

545
00:32:16,320 --> 00:32:19,890
that's right. You don't have to. His solution was,

546
00:32:20,670 --> 00:32:24,690
okay, I'm sorry, Michael, yeah, you could go back. I

547
00:32:24,690 --> 00:32:26,580
didn't know how easy it was to go back. All right.

548
00:32:26,940 --> 00:32:31,560
So Woodson's solution was to found an organization

549
00:32:31,770 --> 00:32:35,070
that would coordinate, develop, and promote the

550
00:32:35,070 --> 00:32:38,040
study of African-American history. This

551
00:32:38,040 --> 00:32:41,280
organization was called the Study of Negro,

552
00:32:41,520 --> 00:32:44,250
The Association for the Study of Negro Life and

553
00:32:44,250 --> 00:32:49,440
History. Then he also created in 1916 a scholarly

554
00:32:49,440 --> 00:32:51,870
journal, The Journal of Negro History, which is

555
00:32:51,870 --> 00:32:54,300
still published today under a different name. The

556
00:32:54,300 --> 00:32:56,010
Journal of African-American History,

557
00:32:58,290 --> 00:33:03,030
to help bring scholarship and scholarship could be

558
00:33:03,030 --> 00:33:05,610
contributed from any group of people Whites,

559
00:33:05,610 --> 00:33:08,130
Blacks, no matter what your stripe, you were

560
00:33:08,130 --> 00:33:11,520
welcome to contribute to the scholarship. And of

561
00:33:11,520 --> 00:33:15,570
course, all populations did. Next slide?

562
00:33:18,250 --> 00:33:21,070
Woodson wrote a book, a very famous book called The

563
00:33:21,070 --> 00:33:25,210
Miseducation of the Negro, and one of his lines

564
00:33:25,210 --> 00:33:28,600
that I like best was his view of why history is

565
00:33:28,600 --> 00:33:33,040
important. He said, "If a race has no history, it

566
00:33:33,040 --> 00:33:36,730
has no worthwhile tradition, it becomes a

567
00:33:36,730 --> 00:33:39,490
negligible factor in the thought of the world and

568
00:33:39,490 --> 00:33:44,550
it stands in danger of being exterminated." From

569
00:33:44,550 --> 00:33:47,760
his work and the work of the association, we have

570
00:33:47,760 --> 00:33:51,360
the beginnings of Negro History Week in February

571
00:33:51,360 --> 00:33:58,450
of 1926. Carter G. Woodson admired Lincoln,

572
00:33:59,690 --> 00:34:03,080
loved Frederick Douglass and their birthdays were

573
00:34:03,080 --> 00:34:06,140
respectfully, respectfully on the 12th and the

574
00:34:06,140 --> 00:34:10,100
14th of February, and that's why Negro History

575
00:34:10,340 --> 00:34:15,110
Week and Black History Month remain to this day in

576
00:34:15,500 --> 00:34:17,360
February. Next?

577
00:34:20,950 --> 00:34:24,020
Now, Woodson did not work alone. What you see on the

578
00:34:24,020 --> 00:34:28,610
screen is the so-called Divine Nine. These are the

579
00:34:28,610 --> 00:34:32,780
original nine fraternities and sororities, the

580
00:34:32,780 --> 00:34:36,260
original nine black fraternities and sororities

581
00:34:38,480 --> 00:34:41,420
and each one of these groups in their own way,

582
00:34:41,630 --> 00:34:45,680
even before Woodson's were those that were

583
00:34:45,680 --> 00:34:48,230
established before 1926, each one

584
00:34:48,230 --> 00:34:53,510
of them celebrated the black experience, if not in

585
00:34:53,510 --> 00:34:57,620
a formal history week or history month. Those

586
00:34:57,620 --> 00:35:00,800
divine nine included, first of all, the Alpha,

587
00:35:01,820 --> 00:35:04,640
Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity, which was the first

588
00:35:04,640 --> 00:35:09,500
Greek organization, the AKA's, the Alpha Kappa

589
00:35:09,890 --> 00:35:15,710
Alpha sorority, first black sorority, the nation's

590
00:35:15,710 --> 00:35:20,660
VP, as you well know, is a member of the esteemed

591
00:35:21,470 --> 00:35:25,760
Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority. Kamala Harris makes

592
00:35:25,760 --> 00:35:30,190
that clear often when she is speaking. Next slide?

593
00:35:32,760 --> 00:35:36,810
And then there's the Omega Psi Phi. Woodson was a

594
00:35:36,810 --> 00:35:40,860
member of the Omega Psi Phi and this organization

595
00:35:41,930 --> 00:35:45,740
held annually, celebrated literary achievements of

596
00:35:45,740 --> 00:35:49,250
the race before 1926. So there

597
00:35:49,250 --> 00:35:53,450
already is we can see folks working and trying to

598
00:35:53,450 --> 00:35:56,460
save the history of Black people. Next slide?

599
00:36:01,620 --> 00:36:05,160
This person we don't often hear but George

600
00:36:05,160 --> 00:36:08,280
Washington Williams wrote the first truly

601
00:36:08,280 --> 00:36:11,320
scholarly History of The Negro Race in America.

602
00:36:12,750 --> 00:36:17,940
His work predated that of Professor Phillips out

603
00:36:17,940 --> 00:36:21,570
of Michigan and was much more accurate and well

604
00:36:21,570 --> 00:36:27,670
researched than Phillips was. Next slide? And of

605
00:36:27,670 --> 00:36:32,080
course, no mention of African-American history or

606
00:36:32,080 --> 00:36:35,650
African-American studies or culture can leave out

607
00:36:35,890 --> 00:36:40,780
the work of W.E.B. DuBois. DuBois, sociologist,

608
00:36:40,780 --> 00:36:43,570
historian, writer, civil rights and eventually a

609
00:36:43,570 --> 00:36:47,560
Pan-Africanist, his doctoral dissertation out of

610
00:36:47,560 --> 00:36:51,930
Harvard. And by the way, he was the first Ph.D.

611
00:36:51,960 --> 00:36:54,780
out of Harvard was The Suppression of The African

612
00:36:54,780 --> 00:36:57,390
Slave Trade to the United States of America. This

613
00:36:57,390 --> 00:37:02,260
was the first scholarly work on the slave trade,

614
00:37:02,270 --> 00:37:06,170
then The Philadelphia Negro, a sociological study,

615
00:37:06,170 --> 00:37:09,920
The first sociological study on an urban community,

616
00:37:10,070 --> 00:37:14,030
certainly the first sociological study of the

617
00:37:14,030 --> 00:37:17,300
Black community. And then his famous book, I urge

618
00:37:17,300 --> 00:37:19,610
everyone to read this book, The Souls of Black

619
00:37:19,610 --> 00:37:23,270
Folk.  It says so much. But one of the major themes we

620
00:37:23,270 --> 00:37:26,240
all take away from it and we still quote and talk

621
00:37:26,240 --> 00:37:29,180
about this to this day, he wrote the book in

622
00:37:29,180 --> 00:37:32,390
1903. How prophetic was the notion

623
00:37:32,390 --> 00:37:35,420
that the 20th century brought the problem of the

624
00:37:35,420 --> 00:37:38,510
20th century is the problem of the color line?

625
00:37:39,380 --> 00:37:40,450
Next slide, please?

626
00:37:43,040 --> 00:37:46,190
So all of the authors that I've talked about

627
00:37:46,190 --> 00:37:48,830
before, including the fraternities and sororities,

628
00:37:48,830 --> 00:37:52,610
were busy in their own way, recording, writing,

629
00:37:53,640 --> 00:37:57,540
African-American history. None more than the

630
00:37:57,540 --> 00:38:00,480
various names you see some of the great scholars

631
00:38:00,480 --> 00:38:02,940
of the 1940s, 50s, and into the

632
00:38:02,940 --> 00:38:07,920
60s, from DuBois to Buckmaster, to Hofstadter,

633
00:38:07,920 --> 00:38:11,880
to Aptheker, to Benjamin Quarrels, both Black and

634
00:38:11,880 --> 00:38:15,720
White historians and none more than the dean of

635
00:38:15,720 --> 00:38:18,090
African-American history. We call him John

636
00:38:18,360 --> 00:38:23,100
Franklin, the historian. All of these people

637
00:38:23,100 --> 00:38:26,670
contributed to trying to piece together this

638
00:38:26,670 --> 00:38:30,000
history that was 180 degrees

639
00:38:30,300 --> 00:38:34,590
opposite of the themes and the thesis that Dr.

640
00:38:34,590 --> 00:38:35,790
Phillips put forward.

641
00:38:38,970 --> 00:38:45,660
Now, a major paradigm shift occurs in the writing

642
00:38:45,660 --> 00:38:49,170
of American of African-American history through this

643
00:38:49,170 --> 00:38:51,570
book that you see in the center between Kenneth

644
00:38:51,570 --> 00:38:55,980
Stampp, University of California at Berkeley, and

645
00:38:55,980 --> 00:38:58,680
Franklin. The book is entitled The Peculiar

646
00:38:58,680 --> 00:39:03,860
Institution. Stampp aggressively refuted Phillips'

647
00:39:03,860 --> 00:39:07,580
conclusions about enslaved African-Americans. His

648
00:39:07,580 --> 00:39:10,790
research, unlike Phillips' was based on data, was

649
00:39:10,790 --> 00:39:14,660
based on the actual words and testimony of slaves,

650
00:39:14,670 --> 00:39:17,540
so he knew more accurately...

651
00:39:19,960 --> 00:39:24,280
how the enslaved felt about their

652
00:39:24,280 --> 00:39:26,800
conditions and much more research, of course, have

653
00:39:26,800 --> 00:39:31,480
been done since his work. But Stampp argued that

654
00:39:31,780 --> 00:39:35,680
African-Americans found slavery, found subtle ways

655
00:39:36,040 --> 00:39:41,280
and not so subtle means to fight...slavery.

656
00:39:41,880 --> 00:39:45,510
African-American found ways to maintain various

657
00:39:45,510 --> 00:39:50,010
aspects of their African heritage and to

658
00:39:50,010 --> 00:39:54,180
develop new traditions based on their experiences

659
00:39:54,870 --> 00:39:58,260
and under unspeakable oppression.

660
00:39:58,980 --> 00:40:02,160
African-Americans found ways to maintain family

661
00:40:02,160 --> 00:40:05,370
systems or more commonly they found ways to

662
00:40:05,370 --> 00:40:08,880
create new ones based on the rigid and demeaning

663
00:40:08,880 --> 00:40:12,530
system under which they were forced to exist.

664
00:40:17,020 --> 00:40:21,430
The seeds that Woodson had planted are now

665
00:40:22,000 --> 00:40:25,170
beginning to bloom. Next slide, please?

666
00:40:27,950 --> 00:40:32,490
Of course, Woodson believed proper education

667
00:40:32,490 --> 00:40:37,440
would fix any social societal ills with education,

668
00:40:38,670 --> 00:40:42,060
could change the hearts and minds. If people knew

669
00:40:42,060 --> 00:40:45,030
the contributions of Black people to the nation

670
00:40:45,570 --> 00:40:48,330
and knew the contributions of those to the world

671
00:40:48,630 --> 00:40:52,380
than stereotypes and ignorance would perhaps

672
00:40:52,380 --> 00:40:55,230
wither. I'd like you to meet some friends I

673
00:40:55,230 --> 00:40:59,730
brought with me to the presentation. These are the

674
00:40:59,730 --> 00:41:02,970
kinds of people that Woodson believed would change

675
00:41:03,360 --> 00:41:07,530
preconceptions and would change attitudes about

676
00:41:07,530 --> 00:41:13,080
Black people. These folks are personalities from

677
00:41:13,080 --> 00:41:16,590
the 17th through the 19th century. Many of us,

678
00:41:17,100 --> 00:41:20,040
when we talk about African-American history, we

679
00:41:20,040 --> 00:41:23,220
rightly talk about people like Martin Luther King,

680
00:41:23,220 --> 00:41:26,610
or Jackie Robinson, or Ida Wells Barnett, or Aretha

681
00:41:26,610 --> 00:41:29,670
Franklin, but there is so much more to

682
00:41:29,670 --> 00:41:32,700
African-American history in these early period. So

683
00:41:32,700 --> 00:41:35,730
what I'd like to share with you a few of the folks

684
00:41:36,090 --> 00:41:39,150
that Carter Woodson would point to and say, "See,

685
00:41:39,300 --> 00:41:41,460
look what we've done, look what we've accomplished,"

686
00:41:41,460 --> 00:41:43,950
and they're from all aspects of life. So next, I'm

687
00:41:43,950 --> 00:41:46,770
sorry, let me stay there with William Tucker. So

688
00:41:46,770 --> 00:41:49,890
William Tucker has the distinction of being the

689
00:41:49,890 --> 00:41:56,340
first person of African descent, born in the

690
00:41:56,340 --> 00:42:00,600
United States. His parents, along with 18 other

691
00:42:01,020 --> 00:42:05,340
Black people, were brought from Africa to America

692
00:42:05,880 --> 00:42:10,020
in 1619. But they did not come as slaves. They

693
00:42:10,020 --> 00:42:13,530
came as indentured servants. And when they arrived,

694
00:42:13,530 --> 00:42:16,470
by the time they had served their terms as

695
00:42:16,470 --> 00:42:19,890
indentured servants from five to seven years, most

696
00:42:19,890 --> 00:42:25,060
of them went on to acquire the property that was

697
00:42:25,060 --> 00:42:29,530
due them, and especially Isabell and Antoney. Next

698
00:42:29,530 --> 00:42:29,850
slide?

699
00:42:32,570 --> 00:42:35,330
Paul Cuffee, have you heard of Paul Cuffee before?

700
00:42:35,330 --> 00:42:39,140
Wealthy businessman, shipbuilder, merchant, he

701
00:42:39,140 --> 00:42:41,960
aided the American Revolution. He's the first

702
00:42:41,960 --> 00:42:46,550
Black person to sue for the right to vote. Sued

703
00:42:46,550 --> 00:42:48,850
the state of Massachusetts for the right to vote.

704
00:42:49,460 --> 00:42:52,490
He sought to establish a colony of free

705
00:42:52,490 --> 00:42:57,140
African-Americans in Sierra Leone. Unfortunately,

706
00:42:57,530 --> 00:43:05,000
that effort was really designed to colonize the

707
00:43:05,870 --> 00:43:09,620
populations living in Sierra Leone, believing that

708
00:43:09,860 --> 00:43:12,800
Western culture, American culture would help them

709
00:43:12,800 --> 00:43:15,560
to achieve more than their own culture. Next?

710
00:43:17,620 --> 00:43:22,510
David Walker. David Walker, first freedom fighter,

711
00:43:22,520 --> 00:43:26,780
as far as I'm concerned, he predated the stances

712
00:43:26,780 --> 00:43:30,170
taken later by Malcolm or the Black Panther Party.

713
00:43:31,030 --> 00:43:33,280
He wrote a famous book, you may have heard of it,

714
00:43:33,280 --> 00:43:36,820
called Walker's Appeal. The full title of that

715
00:43:36,940 --> 00:43:40,060
book was Walker's Appeal to the Colored Citizens

716
00:43:40,060 --> 00:43:42,940
of the World, but in particular and very expressly

717
00:43:43,240 --> 00:43:46,630
to those of the United States of America. This is

718
00:43:46,630 --> 00:43:49,780
the first sustained written assault upon slavery

719
00:43:50,050 --> 00:43:54,040
and racism to come out by a Black man. One of the

720
00:43:54,040 --> 00:43:55,960
points that we should know about this book, if you

721
00:43:55,960 --> 00:43:58,000
don't remember anything else about it, remember

722
00:43:58,000 --> 00:44:03,460
that his audience was not the black elite, not

723
00:44:03,460 --> 00:44:06,850
those Blacks who found a way to scratch a decent

724
00:44:06,850 --> 00:44:10,870
living either in the north or the south and not to

725
00:44:10,870 --> 00:44:13,990
the white liberals are the anti slavers. His book

726
00:44:14,530 --> 00:44:17,860
was written to the masses of Blacks to try to help

727
00:44:17,860 --> 00:44:21,220
to teach them that they do not need to take this

728
00:44:21,220 --> 00:44:25,570
system and try to survive in it. They need to

729
00:44:25,570 --> 00:44:28,150
find other ways. Okay, next slide?

730
00:44:30,430 --> 00:44:32,350
Harriet Tubman, we all know Harriet Tubman,

731
00:44:34,480 --> 00:44:37,600
you cannot talk about sacrifice, you cannot talk

732
00:44:37,600 --> 00:44:40,960
about the drive for American freedom without

733
00:44:40,960 --> 00:44:43,870
mentioning Harriet Tubman. Prolific conductor of

734
00:44:43,870 --> 00:44:47,560
the Underground Railroad. She was successful in

735
00:44:47,560 --> 00:44:51,010
commandeering some two hundred, as she called

736
00:44:51,010 --> 00:44:54,730
charges out of slavery. Two hundred Black men,

737
00:44:54,730 --> 00:44:58,910
women and children out of slavery. And she wasn't on

738
00:44:58,910 --> 00:45:01,360
a horse most of the time and she wasn't in a wagon,

739
00:45:01,400 --> 00:45:04,940
they literally walked from various states,

740
00:45:05,150 --> 00:45:09,290
especially in the southeast there up to north to

741
00:45:09,860 --> 00:45:12,710
to freedom or even as far as Canada where they

742
00:45:12,710 --> 00:45:16,220
were taken. She was a Union army spy, a scout, a

743
00:45:16,220 --> 00:45:22,640
nurse, and one of her most ardent friends and

744
00:45:23,270 --> 00:45:26,300
someone she trusted with her life as he trusted

745
00:45:26,300 --> 00:45:29,000
with her life was John Brown. John Brown, of

746
00:45:29,000 --> 00:45:32,030
course, was the man who led to famous or infamous

747
00:45:32,720 --> 00:45:36,530
raid on Harpers Ferry. She helped to finance him

748
00:45:37,010 --> 00:45:40,940
in that episode in Harpers Ferry.

749
00:45:41,060 --> 00:45:43,780
Unfortunately for him and maybe for all of us,

750
00:45:43,780 --> 00:45:45,410
it didn't work. Next?

751
00:45:48,200 --> 00:45:51,290
Then as William Lloyd Garrison. William Lloyd

752
00:45:51,290 --> 00:45:51,920
Garrison...

753
00:45:54,380 --> 00:45:57,410
says it all with this quote about himself. He

754
00:45:57,410 --> 00:46:01,160
wrote this, the most popular and the most infamous

755
00:46:01,400 --> 00:46:05,690
antislavery newspaper called The Liberator, and he

756
00:46:05,690 --> 00:46:09,020
also founded a regional organization called the

757
00:46:09,020 --> 00:46:12,560
New England Anti Slavery Society. And then it went

758
00:46:12,560 --> 00:46:15,770
national. It was the American Antislavery Society.

759
00:46:16,040 --> 00:46:19,130
And they did good work in trying to help liberate

760
00:46:19,130 --> 00:46:21,500
the slaves. They often helped and financed the

761
00:46:21,500 --> 00:46:24,860
Underground Railroad. But to understand Garrison

762
00:46:24,860 --> 00:46:28,820
and what he stood for, let me read a quote that he

763
00:46:28,820 --> 00:46:31,640
had given just before he launched the Liberator

764
00:46:31,640 --> 00:46:37,010
newspaper. "A few white victims must be sacrificed

765
00:46:37,010 --> 00:46:40,130
to open the eyes of this nation and show the

766
00:46:40,130 --> 00:46:43,880
tyranny of our laws. I expect and I am willing to

767
00:46:43,880 --> 00:46:48,230
be persecuted in prison and bound for advocating

768
00:46:48,230 --> 00:46:52,190
African rights. And I deserve to be a slave myself

769
00:46:52,190 --> 00:46:54,620
if I shrunk from that duty or danger."

770
00:46:56,780 --> 00:46:59,390
People like Garrison have always existed in

771
00:46:59,390 --> 00:47:03,350
American history. Garrison was trying to help

772
00:47:03,350 --> 00:47:05,930
people that didn't look like him because it was

773
00:47:05,930 --> 00:47:08,840
the right thing to do. We've had people throughout

774
00:47:08,840 --> 00:47:12,980
history of all stripes, black, yellow, brown.

775
00:47:16,190 --> 00:47:21,620
The epitome of that whole notion is embodied in

776
00:47:21,620 --> 00:47:25,760
one of our dear colleagues that we recently lost

777
00:47:25,760 --> 00:47:28,460
last month, Kathryn Adams of the English

778
00:47:28,460 --> 00:47:31,700
Department. Kathryn would give her life to help

779
00:47:31,700 --> 00:47:36,140
others. And so I just want to pay tribute to her.

780
00:47:37,520 --> 00:47:39,140
Let's move on to the next slide.

781
00:47:44,400 --> 00:47:48,810
This is Mary Ellen Pleasant, another one of these

782
00:47:48,810 --> 00:47:51,540
African-American women who were millionaires in

783
00:47:51,540 --> 00:47:55,230
their lifetime. She was called the Harriet Tubman

784
00:47:55,230 --> 00:47:58,140
of the West because she worked so hard not to end slavery,

785
00:47:58,140 --> 00:48:03,180
but to raise up those Blacks who were injured or

786
00:48:03,180 --> 00:48:05,790
who had difficulty surviving. And she brought a

787
00:48:05,790 --> 00:48:10,110
number of legal suits in San Francisco against

788
00:48:10,740 --> 00:48:14,750
discrimination and unfair treatment, next. Oh,

789
00:48:14,970 --> 00:48:17,520
also, one other thing I'd like to remember about

790
00:48:17,520 --> 00:48:20,730
her, she is said to have given close to five

791
00:48:20,730 --> 00:48:26,010
hundred thousand dollars to John Brown also in

792
00:48:26,010 --> 00:48:32,400
his pursuit to the activity he did down in

793
00:48:34,050 --> 00:48:37,050
Harpers Ferry in Virginia. Okay next slide?

794
00:48:39,500 --> 00:48:42,140
Now, I've become an avid golfer, so I took a

795
00:48:42,140 --> 00:48:45,230
little liberty here, but this liberty is important

796
00:48:45,230 --> 00:48:49,160
to understand. Many, many people sometimes

797
00:48:49,460 --> 00:48:54,890
categorize sports or activities based on a race.

798
00:48:55,140 --> 00:48:59,210
So White people search, White people ride skateboards,

799
00:48:59,540 --> 00:49:01,550
but that's not for Black people. That's no longer

800
00:49:01,550 --> 00:49:04,940
true in 2021. But for much of our

801
00:49:04,940 --> 00:49:06,710
history, there are certain things Black people did

802
00:49:06,720 --> 00:49:08,600
and certain things White people do. One of the

803
00:49:08,600 --> 00:49:10,550
things Black people don't do is play golf. That's

804
00:49:10,550 --> 00:49:13,070
a White man's sport. Well, let me tell you this.

805
00:49:14,120 --> 00:49:20,630
The first time that an American played in the

806
00:49:20,630 --> 00:49:26,450
United States Open Golf Tournament was this man on

807
00:49:26,450 --> 00:49:29,450
the left, John Shippen, he becomes the first

808
00:49:29,450 --> 00:49:31,820
African-American golfer to play, but he wasn't

809
00:49:31,820 --> 00:49:34,490
only the first African-American golfer to play,

810
00:49:35,000 --> 00:49:38,810
but he was the first American golfer to play in

811
00:49:38,810 --> 00:49:44,480
the US Open. His friend, a Shinnecock Native

812
00:49:44,480 --> 00:49:48,350
American by the name of Oscar Bunn also played. So

813
00:49:48,350 --> 00:49:52,790
the first Americans to play in the U.S. Open were

814
00:49:52,790 --> 00:49:56,810
both people of color. You might say, "Well, what do

815
00:49:56,810 --> 00:50:00,140
you mean? Who else was playing if they if these

816
00:50:00,140 --> 00:50:02,030
were the only people?" Well, there were no

817
00:50:02,030 --> 00:50:05,240
Americans. The people who brought golf to America

818
00:50:05,240 --> 00:50:09,500
were Scottish people, or English, or the Irish they

819
00:50:09,500 --> 00:50:13,430
played. But at the first term in 1895

820
00:50:13,430 --> 00:50:15,470
and then this tournament that these

821
00:50:15,470 --> 00:50:18,440
gentlemen first participated in 1896,

822
00:50:18,440 --> 00:50:19,850
and

823
00:50:22,050 --> 00:50:26,490
Shippen becomes the first American golfer to win

824
00:50:26,490 --> 00:50:30,120
prize money in the U.S. Open. Shippen

825
00:50:30,120 --> 00:50:32,220
unfortunately, also becomes the last golfer

826
00:50:32,220 --> 00:50:35,880
allowed to play in the U.S. Open until the

827
00:50:35,880 --> 00:50:38,570
1940s. Next slide?

828
00:50:41,500 --> 00:50:44,330
Real quick, I know our time is short and I don't

829
00:50:44,330 --> 00:50:50,200
want to go over, but this dentist, George Franklin

830
00:50:50,200 --> 00:50:56,750
Grant receives all kinds of platitudes and

831
00:50:56,750 --> 00:51:01,160
respect as a dentist. His specialty was cleft

832
00:51:01,700 --> 00:51:06,350
palate patients, and he created and patented a

833
00:51:06,350 --> 00:51:11,480
prosthetics that would help cleft palate patients

834
00:51:11,480 --> 00:51:14,120
to eat well. He was also the first

835
00:51:14,120 --> 00:51:17,780
African-American faculty member at Harvard. We

836
00:51:17,780 --> 00:51:20,330
have Woodson, who was the second Ph.D., we have

837
00:51:20,330 --> 00:51:22,880
DuBois who is the first Ph.D., but the first

838
00:51:22,880 --> 00:51:27,470
African-American faculty member at Harvard was,

839
00:51:27,960 --> 00:51:32,450
was George Grant, and he invented the first

840
00:51:32,780 --> 00:51:35,210
golf tee, the first modern golf tee. There have

841
00:51:35,210 --> 00:51:38,180
been many iterations of it, but he is the one that

842
00:51:38,180 --> 00:51:43,180
received a patent for the golf tee in 1899.

843
00:51:43,370 --> 00:51:47,090
Unfortunately, he didn't profit from this tee, not

844
00:51:47,090 --> 00:51:49,550
that he was particularly interested in it, in that

845
00:51:49,550 --> 00:51:51,170
anyways. Next slide?

846
00:51:53,880 --> 00:51:56,970
Finally, of those that have contributed, I'm going

847
00:51:56,970 --> 00:51:59,940
to skip into and delve into the 20th century

848
00:51:59,940 --> 00:52:03,480
with this man, John James Weldon Johnson, I think

849
00:52:03,480 --> 00:52:05,430
we've all heard of him. And if you haven't heard

850
00:52:05,430 --> 00:52:08,310
of him, you've heard of his song, Lift Every Voice

851
00:52:08,310 --> 00:52:13,190
and Sing. James supplied the lyrics, his brother

852
00:52:13,250 --> 00:52:18,290
Jay or John Rosamond Johnson, he supplied the music

853
00:52:18,650 --> 00:52:22,340
and by 1905, Lift Your Voice and Sing

854
00:52:22,640 --> 00:52:26,390
became very quickly the Black National Anthem. And

855
00:52:26,390 --> 00:52:30,320
to this day, most African-Americans recognizes as

856
00:52:30,320 --> 00:52:34,010
the Black National Anthem along with the American

857
00:52:34,010 --> 00:52:34,430
Anthem.

858
00:52:36,590 --> 00:52:40,310
Of late, there's been more than just talk that

859
00:52:40,310 --> 00:52:43,370
Lift Every Voice and Sing will become the American

860
00:52:43,370 --> 00:52:46,730
national hymn. Don't get me wrong on this, not the

861
00:52:46,730 --> 00:52:51,350
new American National Anthem, but the new American

862
00:52:51,530 --> 00:52:56,210
national hymn. Next slide, please?

863
00:52:59,000 --> 00:53:03,050
So I want to end this talk very briefly with just

864
00:53:03,050 --> 00:53:09,540
a quick case study of what I call the radical

865
00:53:09,540 --> 00:53:14,280
path to Black History Month, but radicalism is in

866
00:53:14,280 --> 00:53:17,260
the eyes of the beholder, right? Little background.

867
00:53:17,460 --> 00:53:20,310
The 1940s, the 50s and the 60s

868
00:53:20,790 --> 00:53:24,210
witnessed the uneven expansion of Black History

869
00:53:24,210 --> 00:53:27,570
Week in the study of black history in general. So

870
00:53:27,570 --> 00:53:29,910
all the work that had been done is beginning to

871
00:53:29,910 --> 00:53:33,600
grow throughout the country. But let's take a much

872
00:53:33,600 --> 00:53:36,330
too brief chronology of one of the paths that

873
00:53:36,330 --> 00:53:40,320
Black History Month took. By the mid 1960s in

874
00:53:40,320 --> 00:53:44,100
places like San Francisco, in Oakland, throughout

875
00:53:44,100 --> 00:53:47,670
the Bay Area, in Chicago, and yes, Virginia. Even

876
00:53:47,670 --> 00:53:51,120
in Kent State University in the Midwest, college

877
00:53:51,120 --> 00:53:54,690
students were leading the activism against

878
00:53:54,690 --> 00:53:58,590
political, social, economic, and racial injustices.

879
00:53:59,130 --> 00:54:03,990
Not to mention the exploding anti-war sentiment

880
00:54:03,990 --> 00:54:06,840
that was blossoming and of course, the freedom to

881
00:54:06,840 --> 00:54:11,310
smoke a little dope. In November of 1967,

882
00:54:11,310 --> 00:54:15,780
a group of men came to Kent State on the

883
00:54:15,780 --> 00:54:21,220
invitation of some of these activists Black

884
00:54:21,220 --> 00:54:25,720
students, this group was called the Deacons for

885
00:54:25,720 --> 00:54:28,720
Self-defense. They were founded or established in

886
00:54:28,990 --> 00:54:32,230
Louisiana to protect Black people who wanted to

887
00:54:32,230 --> 00:54:36,340
vote, who wanted to just live a normal life, to

888
00:54:36,340 --> 00:54:40,420
keep from being hung, from getting murdered. They

889
00:54:40,450 --> 00:54:44,230
were armed and they were dangerous to anyone that

890
00:54:44,230 --> 00:54:49,750
tried to encroach upon black rights. By the winter

891
00:54:49,750 --> 00:54:52,330
of 1968, they spoke in the fall of

892
00:54:52,330 --> 00:54:54,460
1967, they were on the quarter system at

893
00:54:54,460 --> 00:54:58,120
Kent State. They spoke in the fall of 1967 and

894
00:54:58,120 --> 00:55:01,450
then by the winter of 1968 Black

895
00:55:01,450 --> 00:55:05,770
students organized themselves into a student club.

896
00:55:07,000 --> 00:55:10,270
This student club was called the Black United

897
00:55:10,270 --> 00:55:14,410
Students and it remains that name today. Most

898
00:55:15,970 --> 00:55:19,630
black organized clubs are called the Black

899
00:55:19,630 --> 00:55:22,090
Student Union. We have obviously a Black Student

900
00:55:22,090 --> 00:55:24,490
Union at Moorpark College, and many of you have

901
00:55:24,490 --> 00:55:26,830
attended universities where you've always heard

902
00:55:26,830 --> 00:55:30,190
BSU, with this group then and even now, called

903
00:55:30,200 --> 00:55:34,180
themselves the Black United Students. With a death

904
00:55:34,330 --> 00:55:39,070
in '68 with key national figures. Our beloved

905
00:55:39,070 --> 00:55:42,040
Martin Luther King in April of '68 and the equally

906
00:55:42,040 --> 00:55:47,290
beloved Bobby Kennedy in June of '68, students here

907
00:55:47,290 --> 00:55:51,120
and elsewhere throughout the country began to

908
00:55:51,120 --> 00:55:55,020
anticipate what Obama would later phrase, and, "We

909
00:55:55,020 --> 00:55:59,960
are the change we seek." So students begin to

910
00:55:59,960 --> 00:56:04,160
develop solidarity with the Black Panther Party at

911
00:56:04,160 --> 00:56:07,340
Kent State, and the reason for that is that the

912
00:56:07,340 --> 00:56:10,610
Black Panther Party was calling attention to in

913
00:56:10,610 --> 00:56:13,670
California to that the most racist, and the most

914
00:56:13,670 --> 00:56:17,120
violent, and the most brutal police force that they

915
00:56:17,120 --> 00:56:20,430
know of are the police are the police from

916
00:56:20,430 --> 00:56:23,470
Oakland, California. And as far as they were

917
00:56:23,470 --> 00:56:26,290
concerned, they needed to be stopped. Well, to add

918
00:56:26,290 --> 00:56:29,680
insult to injury to the time, Kent State

919
00:56:29,680 --> 00:56:34,180
University allowed officers or recruiters from the

920
00:56:34,180 --> 00:56:37,150
Oakland Police Department to come to Kent State

921
00:56:37,150 --> 00:56:38,200
and recruit

922
00:56:40,450 --> 00:56:43,570
students to become police officers in Oakland.

923
00:56:46,750 --> 00:56:50,680
When these recruiters came to campus, both Black,

924
00:56:50,860 --> 00:56:54,220
White and other students of color began to protest.

925
00:56:55,430 --> 00:57:00,740
Many students led by the B, by the B-U-S, they

926
00:57:00,770 --> 00:57:04,340
decided to take over the campus center and then

927
00:57:04,340 --> 00:57:06,830
once they were expelled from the campus center,

928
00:57:06,830 --> 00:57:09,890
they then walked from the campus twenty four miles

929
00:57:09,890 --> 00:57:14,570
away, or some of them drove to to Akron, where

930
00:57:14,570 --> 00:57:17,620
they set up what they called a university in exile.

931
00:57:18,140 --> 00:57:20,840
And while they were in exile, they began to talk

932
00:57:20,840 --> 00:57:24,950
about and to address racial, how to end racial

933
00:57:24,950 --> 00:57:28,370
discrimination, how to promote social injustice,

934
00:57:28,730 --> 00:57:33,260
and to promote a respect for black history, for

935
00:57:33,260 --> 00:57:35,180
black history and culture. Next slide?

936
00:57:39,330 --> 00:57:42,300
During these meetings at this at this exile

937
00:57:42,300 --> 00:57:46,080
university, the question kept coming up, germane to

938
00:57:46,080 --> 00:57:49,380
what we're talking about. "Why is it that only one

939
00:57:49,380 --> 00:57:53,190
week is given to the study of black history and

940
00:57:53,190 --> 00:57:58,480
51 weeks are given to white history?" The

941
00:57:58,480 --> 00:58:00,580
better solution, of course, as we all know, as

942
00:58:00,580 --> 00:58:02,530
Tammy mentioned earlier, is to have it all

943
00:58:02,530 --> 00:58:05,020
integrated, and when you read history, you would

944
00:58:05,020 --> 00:58:09,170
read about everyone black, brown, yellow. The

945
00:58:09,170 --> 00:58:12,980
university sanctioned, finally, after much

946
00:58:12,980 --> 00:58:16,220
haggling and protest, they finally sanctioned the

947
00:58:16,220 --> 00:58:20,390
celebration of Black History Month. And so Kent

948
00:58:20,390 --> 00:58:22,910
State becomes one of the first, if not the first

949
00:58:22,910 --> 00:58:25,520
that's in dispute. Kent State becomes

950
00:58:27,530 --> 00:58:32,780
the first university to offer Black History Month

951
00:58:33,080 --> 00:58:38,030
every month from February to 1970. Last point here

952
00:58:38,030 --> 00:58:41,210
is that the Kuumba house that you see to the left

953
00:58:41,480 --> 00:58:44,300
with the brothers standing on top of the roof was

954
00:58:44,300 --> 00:58:46,370
founded in 1968 during these

955
00:58:46,370 --> 00:58:49,670
years of protest. They fought for and got this

956
00:58:49,670 --> 00:58:52,910
center. The center becomes the college is the

957
00:58:52,910 --> 00:58:55,610
university's first Black Student's Cultural Center.

958
00:58:56,150 --> 00:59:00,070
And then in time it will become the African

959
00:59:00,110 --> 00:59:05,270
American Studies Center or today, the Pan African

960
00:59:06,020 --> 00:59:11,870
Cultural Center. Next slide. Finally, do the work

961
00:59:11,870 --> 00:59:15,080
of the National Association for the Advancement of

962
00:59:15,080 --> 00:59:20,660
Colored People and other lobbyist and promoters,

963
00:59:21,110 --> 00:59:27,530
Gerald Ford signed into law a decree, I'm sorry he didn't

964
00:59:27,800 --> 00:59:31,070
a law he signed a decree and essentially he said

965
00:59:31,220 --> 00:59:34,700
we can seize the opportunity to

966
00:59:34,700 --> 00:59:38,000
honor the two often neglected accomplishments of

967
00:59:38,000 --> 00:59:42,140
Black Americans in every area throughout our

968
00:59:42,140 --> 00:59:44,930
history. Thank you, folks. I think I ran over just

969
00:59:44,930 --> 00:59:47,330
a bit, but thank you so much for the opportunity

970
00:59:47,330 --> 00:59:50,630
to share some thoughts on Black History Month.

971
00:59:51,830 --> 00:59:53,810
Tim: Professor Hopkins, thank you very much for your

972
00:59:53,810 --> 00:59:58,280
presentation, it was wonderful. Next slide, please?

973
00:59:59,640 --> 01:00:02,940
We've been able to ask you to save the date

974
01:00:03,360 --> 01:00:07,650
because on February 26, there will be a

975
01:00:07,650 --> 01:00:11,610
conversation lecture with Dr. Cornel West, who is

976
01:00:11,610 --> 01:00:14,400
a philosopher and a published practice professor

977
01:00:14,400 --> 01:00:16,470
at Harvard University and Professor Emeritus at

978
01:00:16,470 --> 01:00:21,450
Princeton University. He will be here on the

979
01:00:21,450 --> 01:00:25,470
26th. The exact time is to be determined,

980
01:00:25,470 --> 01:00:28,020
but this is one of those ventures where there will

981
01:00:28,020 --> 01:00:31,980
probably be some sort of webinar followed by

982
01:00:32,520 --> 01:00:35,040
probably something on YouTube. But we just want to

983
01:00:35,040 --> 01:00:37,290
make sure you save that date. There are also a series of

984
01:00:37,290 --> 01:00:40,290
other events that are occurring throughout Black

985
01:00:40,290 --> 01:00:43,590
History Month that are being hosted by faculty,

986
01:00:43,590 --> 01:00:47,570
staff, and our students as well. Next slide, please?

987
01:00:48,640 --> 01:00:50,530
I'd also like to take this time introduce you to

988
01:00:50,530 --> 01:00:53,740
the Black family of Moorpark College who are here on

989
01:00:53,740 --> 01:00:55,870
this particular slide and every aspect of the

990
01:00:55,870 --> 01:00:59,110
college, from the administration to staff, to

991
01:00:59,110 --> 01:01:04,660
faculty to admin. Also, we will be offering

992
01:01:04,660 --> 01:01:10,510
soon an African-American Studies course at

993
01:01:10,510 --> 01:01:14,010
Moorpark College, and we look forward to that. Dr.

994
01:01:14,020 --> 01:01:16,690
Hopkins, or excuse me Professor Hopkins is there anything else

995
01:01:16,690 --> 01:01:21,170
you'd like to add before we close out? [Ranford]: No, not at

996
01:01:21,170 --> 01:01:23,540
this time, I know we have a couple other things to

997
01:01:23,540 --> 01:01:27,560
do before we do. I'm fine. Thank you so much. Okay Tim. Next

998
01:01:27,560 --> 01:01:31,910
slide, please? So we're going to end this today

999
01:01:32,210 --> 01:01:35,030
and like everything else in my class. Please

1000
01:01:35,030 --> 01:01:37,040
have fun today. Enjoy yourselves, take care of

1001
01:01:37,040 --> 01:01:39,170
your families. Welcome to Black History Month at Moorpark

1002
01:01:39,560 --> 01:01:41,990
College and above all else, continue to be the

1003
01:01:41,990 --> 01:01:43,720
positive difference in the lives you touch each

1004
01:01:43,730 --> 01:01:45,740
day. And we're going to leave you with the Black

1005
01:01:45,740 --> 01:01:48,150
National Anthem. Have a nice day.

1006
01:01:50,180 --> 01:02:13,920
(<i>Acapella sounds</i>, <i>ooh... do... dah</i>)
Lift every voice and sing
Till earth and heaven ring
Ring with the harmonies of Liberty

1007
01:02:14,000 --> 01:02:31,400
Let our rejoicing rise
High as the listening skies
Let it resound loud as the rolling sea

1008
01:02:31,500 --> 01:02:49,440
Sing a song full of the faith that the dark past has taught us
Sing a song full of the hope that the present has brought us

1009
01:02:49,500 --> 01:03:06,040
Facing the rising sun of our new day begun
Let us march on till victory is won

1010
01:03:06,060 --> 01:03:22,720
Stony the road we trod
Bitter the chastening rod
Felt in the days when hope unborn had died

1011
01:03:22,740 --> 01:03:40,600
Yet with a steady beat
Have not our weary feet
Come to the place for which our fathers sighed?

1012
01:03:40,700 --> 01:03:57,240
We have come over a way that with tears has been watered
We have come, treading our path through the blood of the slaughtered

1013
01:03:57,280 --> 01:04:15,240
Out from the gloomy past
Till now we stand at last
Where the white gleam of our bright star is cast

1014
01:04:15,240 --> 01:04:32,600
(<i>Acapella sounds, ooh...doo...aah...dah...</i>)

1015
01:04:32,800 --> 01:04:51,240
God of our weary years
God of our silent tears
Thou who has brought us thus far on the way

1016
01:04:51,260 --> 01:05:10,880
Thou who has by Thy might led us into the light
Keep us forever in the path, we pray

1017
01:05:11,000 --> 01:05:29,600
Lest our feet stray from the places, our God, where we met Thee
Lest, our hearts drunk of the wine of the world, we forget Thee

1018
01:05:29,620 --> 01:05:48,080
Shadowed beneath Thy hand
May we forever stand
True to our God
True to our God
True to our God...

1019
01:05:48,090 --> 01:06:06,440
True to our native land
True to our native land

1020
01:06:07,930 --> 01:06:10,660
Tim: Thank you very much, everyone. Enjoy your day and

1021
01:06:10,660 --> 01:06:11,840
welcome to Black History Month.